![]() ![]() The line of latitude midway between the poles is called the equator. These lines encompass the globe and form a gridded network called a graticule. Vertical lines, or north–south lines, are lines of equal longitude, or meridians. In the spherical system, horizontal lines, or east–west lines, are lines of equal latitude, or parallels. The following illustration shows the world as a globe with longitude and latitude values. The angles often are measured in degrees (or in grads). ![]() Longitude and latitude are angles measured from the earth's center to a point on the earth's surface. A GCS includes an angular unit of measure, a prime meridian, and a datum (based on a spheroid).Ī point is referenced by its longitude and latitude values. A GCS is often incorrectly called a datum, but a datum is only one part of a GCS. A geographic coordinate system (GCS) uses a three-dimensional spherical surface to define locations on the earth. ![]()
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